The American Dream in The Great Gatsby and This Side of...

Frances Scott Fitzgerald was born on September 24th, 1896 in St. Paul Minnesota and died of a heart attack in an apartment in Hollywood on December 21st, 1940. Throughout his career, Fitzgerald wrote many works, traveled the world, and served in the United States Army. F. Scott Fitzgerald wrote mostly short stories but became famous because of his novel This Side of Paradise and became even more famous because of The Great Gatsby which was released in 1925. The time period in which Fitzgerald lived played an extensive role in his work. Fitzgerald is one of the all time greatest American authors solely of the fact that his works displayed â€Å"The American Dream.† This brings up an excellent question: What was or what is â€Å"The American Dream†?†¦show more content†¦His father was an English poet and writer who grew up in Norfolk, England. His mother, Mollie McQuillan was born and raised in St. Paul, Minnesota. The two were married in February 1890 and later had four children, Frances Key being one of them. When the young Fitzgerald was just twelve years of age, he attended St. Paul Academy, a nonsectarian school (Reuben). While he was there, he began to fall in love with literature; he even became a literacy apprentice. â€Å"During his time as an apprentice Scott published his very first book titled: The Mystery of the Raymond Mortgage† (Reuben). He was accepted into Princeton University in 1913. While at Princeton he joined extra curricular organizations such as the newspaper and theatre club. In 1917 Fitzgerald was put on academic probation because he wasn’t meeting the academic standards. He discontinued his time at Princeton and enlisted in the United States army as a second lieutenant at Fort Leavenworth and began to write his novel The Romantic Egotist later (Shmoop Editorial Team) to be published as This Side of Paradise. During his time at Princeton, Fitzgerald had a passion for literature and was constantly wr iting. He also wrote plays for Princeton. Frances Key Scott Fitzgerald developed a love for literature. In fact, the young boy would write whenever he could. Frances later left St. Paul Academy and enrolled at Newman, a boardingShow MoreRelatedThe Pursuit Of The American Dream By F. Scott Fitzgerald1653 Words   |  7 PagesKristin Liu Research Paper Date due: June 10, 2015 Date turned in: June 15, 2015 Self Demise in the Pursuit of the American Dream The 1920s was a time when parties and prosperity were abundant. This created the view that everything was possible and eventually led to the idea of the American Dream. The American Dream was the thought that if one lives in America, then they are living in a land of opportunity. The perception was that an individual, through hard work, can be successful when in AmericaRead MoreResearch Paper F Scott Fitzgerald2343 Words   |  10 PagesThe Unsatisfied American Dream As Florence King once said, â€Å"People are so busy dreaming the American Dream, fantasizing about what they could be or have a right to be, that theyre all asleep at the switch. This quote symbolizes the simple fact that the American Dream is impossible for someone to ever attain because people are to busy dreaming about what others have, that they fail to recognize what they themselves already have attained. The American author F. Scott Fitzgerald has had an unprecedentedRead MoreF. Scott Fitzgerald Essay1597 Words   |  7 PagesN. Bhaskar Ms. Budacki American Literature 19 December 2013 Author Report on F. Scott Fitzgerald F. Scott Fitzgerald is one of the greatest American authors. Many of Fitzgerald’s novels are considered classics and will forever be read. Fitzgerald is most known for his novels detailing the youth of America in the 1920s to the 1930s. Many of these books that Fitzgerald wrote are based of his life experiences. Fitzgerald is considered a literary genius and also lived a very interesting life. Read MoreIdentifying And Surveying F. Scott Fitzgerald s The Great Gatsby1675 Words   |  7 Pagestruths that where clearly noticeable where â€Å"The American dream† and â€Å"Old and New Money† which greatly supported the normalities of the era, these two topics will be discussed later in the piece. But let s start by recapping a brief understanding that is this novel. F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel The Great Gatsby is a classic about the desire for love and money and how they both affect the characters within the story. It is the story of a man named Jay Gatsby who wants the love of a beautiful young womanRead MoreThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald930 Words   |  4 PagesF. Scott Fitzgerald is mostly known for his images of young, rich, immoral individuals pursuing the American Dream of the 1920’s (Mangum). This image is best portrayed in his greatest novel, The Great Gatsby, alongside his principal themes, â€Å"lost hope, the corruption of innocence by money, and the impossibility of recapturing the past† (Witkoski). Fitzgerald was identified as a modern period writer because his themes and topics were inconsistent with traditional writing (Rahn). The modern periodRead MoreSymbolisms in The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay846 Words   |  4 Pagesas memorable as the green light in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby. Shining at the end of Daisy’s dock, it is close enough to be seen, but too far away to be reached. Still, Gatsby, an eternal optimist, stares at it at night, as if it showed him that all his far-away dreams were about to come true. The green light in The Great Gatsby is symbolic of hope, a source of inspiration, and a representation of the American Dream to Gatsby and to the novel’s readers. Gatsby’s aspirations reflect theRead MoreThe Great Gatsby : Similarities And Comparisons1382 Words   |  6 PagesHani Abidi Honors American Lit. 12/8/2014 The Great Gatsby Similarities and Comparisons The Great Gatsby is an American Novel written by F. Scott Fitzgerald, published in 1925 and set in the summer of 1922 in the fictional towns of East and West Egg in Long Island, New York. The story is about the young and perplexing millionaire Jay Gatsby, and his obsession to win back the only girl he’d ever loved, a Southern debutante the name of Daisy Buchanan. Some themes in the novel include dedication, destructivenessRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1569 Words   |  7 PagesBrian Barnaik Mrs. Bowers English May 10, 2016 Fantastic Fitzgerald The greatest American writers have their places in history and their stories forever passed down to new generations. Their stories are easily relatable and understandable. One of the most memorable authors is F. Scott. Fitzgerald. His writings during the 1920’s give perspective to the 1920’s atmosphere: most notably in this novel, The Great Gatsby. The environment has influenced his creative mind set and has caused his writing skillsRead MoreAnalysis Of F. Scott Fitzgerald953 Words   |  4 PagesF. Scott Fitzgerald was an American author who was known for his novels that generally take place during the Jazz Age after World War I. His use of similes add deeper imagery and to emphasize certain descriptions that are necessary to understand in his distinctive writing style. Fitzgerald incorporated a lot of his own personal life into his works; his struggles with alcoholism, mental disorders and marital problems are generally thrown into almost all his novels. Many of his stories can be readRead More Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald and His Work Essay735 Words   |  3 PagesWork      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   By the time F. Scott Fitzgerald published The Great Gatsby in 1925, he had already amassed an impressive literary resume. From his first commercial publication of the short story, Babes in the Woods at age 23 to The Sensible Thing at age 28, Fitzgerald published fourteen short stories, one play, two collections of short stories, and two novels. His first novel, This Side of Paradise, made Fitzgerald a celebrity. The second, The Beautiful and the

Christopher Nolan s Memento Movie Analysis - 903 Words

The movie that I decided to examine is Christopher Nolan’s Memento. The movie was set in a backwards chronological order meaning that the movies storyline was moving backwards so the sequence of events were backwards as well. The movie starts with Leonard, portrayed by Guy Pearce, shaking an instant photo but the image blurs instead of developing into the actual shot; confirming the reverse storyline. Leonard reveals that he is suffering from a medical condition due to an injury that prevents his brain from developing new memories and allows him to retain only 10-15 minutes of his memories. However, Leonard is not suffering from amnesia because he can recall memories from the past, including the origins of his condition. Leonard’s wife was being raped in their home and when he tried to interfere, the assailants dealt a blow to his head and damaged a part of his brain while leaving his wife dead, assumingly. This relates to the concept of memory formation and how humans retrieve, store, and create memories. The brain responds to a certain eternal event we get something that is called sensory memory that brief and extremely short term. The brain then encodes the sensory memory into explicit short term memory that then may be encoded to explicit long term memory. Leonard’s memory is not encoded well after his assault damaged his brain and hence he cannot form long term memory while his short term memory keeps refreshing. As the plot reverses, Leonard’s way of functioning in

Assignment SWOT Analysis due Sun Free Essays

I selected PC Repair   sample business plan. PC Repair is a S Corporation type of business that will be available to local small businesses and home computer users with computer related issues. PC Repairs offers computer and technical consulting such as repairs, training, networking, and upgrades. We will write a custom essay sample on Assignment SWOT Analysis due Sun or any similar topic only for you Order Now PC Repair’s has many strengths that will benefit local businesses and home pc users with all the computer consulting and services it offers. This computer consulting business offers excellent quality services to their clients. They have on-site repair, which is better for the client to eliminate transport of the computer to PC Repair’s office. They offer extended maintenance contracts for clients to work with a single item expense. Their main focus in on small businesses, who don’t have a full-time IT person, but have full-time IT needs. They offer affordable on-demand services to these businesses. They can offer maintenance agreements for small businesses for additional monthly income. They offer flexible, affordable, helpful services for the residential clients. The computing industry is expected to grow at a rate of 12% (Business Week). The expansion of processor speeds through the years will provide a rich resource for sales. PC Repair will use an aggressive advertising plan to exploit its competitor’s weaknesses and to make the name common to the community. They have established relationships with local distributors that will provide them with rapid services, but will be more expensive. They have reasonable prices for the high quality service they offer. They offer pick-up and drop-off service. PC Repair is not only interested in selling new components, but maintaining existing computers and finding client solutions. I can name a few weaknesses I came across first, PC Repair is a new player to the computer consulting business, which may affect initial sales. PC Repair lacks credibility it needs to be more involved in the industry to enhance it. The owner of PC Repair’s home equity is collateral for its short-term loan is a threat if it has no steady monthly income. Offering limited software support is weakness, which I think unlimited would be best. Another weakness is that PC Repair doesn’t have enough computer technicians because if computer services/troubleshooting are in demand and if there are not enough employees, then there might be a overload of clients you need assistant immediately. First year, a one-man home-office to possibly a 3-person business at a leased location I believe is a major weakness because a 1-3 person computer consulting business needs maybe at least 5-8 persons to operate. I also find that PC Repair’s start-up funding requirements to be too high for one-man operation. Their business only works in a 15 mile radius/local area for both business and residential clients. PC Repair’s market segmentation states client’s age range who they will provide services. They only provide services to small businesses or home users. This business plan has determined that small business’ pc needs are more urgent than residential users. The opportunities of PC Repair are that there are potentially huge markets to begin. With the consideration of the many marketing options it will help with the growth of PC Repair. An important characteristic for PC Repair in its marketing plan is the diversity. PC Repair each quarter needs to evaluate their results. Implementing frugal operating procedures and practices will help outgrow their competition and be in a better position in the market. The ability to understand the expectations of clients, having clearly definite responsibilities for their clients, knowing the best person to decide is the client and to know that PC Repair’s solutions address their client’s needs. The rapid rate of technological development creates constant need for PC Repair’s services. Clients tend to be loyal if they provide excellent services and satisfy client’s needs. In the Service Business Analysis it explains how their local competitors have serious weaknesses so there will be no significant barriers entering the market. There are many threats for any type of business, especially computer consulting services like PC Repair. The lack of new computer information may hurt PC Repair. Increasing prices may result in reduced profitability. Downsizing and poor client spending in all markets are results of economic recessions. They have only two main competitors for this type of business in the local area. Competitor A is well known and is efficient. How to cite Assignment SWOT Analysis due Sun, Essay examples

Principles and Ethics Advanced Financial Accounting

Question: Discuss about the Principles and Ethics Advanced Financial Accounting. Answer: Introduction: Financial accounting of the company should be prepared and presented by following the principles and standards on accounting for each of the components of financial information and transactions. The following assignment highlights the accounting issue in revenue recognition for a law firm Slater and Gordon that is based in Melbourne, Australia. It has been observed that the firm had experienced serious issue on maintaining the accounting policy for recognizing the revenue of work-in-progress. As per AASB 15, revenue from contract is to be recognized if the contract is approved between the parties to perform the contracted activities as per the terms and conditions of the contract (Eichengreen and Gupta 2015). In order to recognize the revenue from contract the firm is required to identify the terms of payment for products and services as well as there must be commercial substance. The firm is required to record the revenue transaction in the statement of income at the transaction pri ce for the performance provided by the party. In the present case, Slater and Gordon firm did not follow the accounting policy to record the revenue of work in progress. As a result, the firm experienced several issues on incurring loss, fall in share price, consumers loyalty and other specified issues. The assignment covers reason on capital market issues, fall in share price, maintaining code of ethics with respect to the requisite of International Financial Reporting Standard and Accounting Professional and Ethical Standard (Badertscher et al. 2016). Meeting the expectation of capital market In order to maintain the business growth, firms or organizations are required to meet the expectations of capital market. Observing the article of The Undoing of Slater and Gordon it has been found that the firm faced serious issues for not maintain the accounting policies for recognizing the financial information. However, the firm worked to meet the expectations of capital market by maintaining the profitability, return on shares for investors, price- earnings ratios and other financial measures (Akbas et al. 2015). Growth of firm depends on the profitability percentage along with the other important measures. Profit of an organization is measured by considering the revenues and expenses that incurred directly or indirectly as well as after applying the expenses for tax. On the other hand, return on shares also known as earning per share is an important element to determine an organizations capacity to pay off the investors (Spotts, Weinberger and Weinberger 2015). It is measured b ased on the weighted average outstanding ordinary shares of the company and net earnings adjusted by the interest and tax expenses. In the present situation, Slater and Gordon disclosed around $467 million as a revenue in work in progress in the year 2015 resulting in loss during the six months. However, the firm maintained the cost of capital structure as well as return on capital employed to meet the expectations of capital market. As reported in the article, firm Slater and Gordon managed to record the expected return on shares and capital for the stakeholders including investors (Virtanen, Parvinen and Rollins 2015). Reasons of fall in share price Market price of the shares of the organization or companies depends on the several factors through internal and external sources. The share market or stock market follows the trend of bullish and bearish trend for the fluctuations of the stock price of the firms and organizations. Bullish trend represents rise in the price of shares while bearish trend represents fall in the price of stocks. In the case of Slater and Gordon, the firm experienced fall in share price by almost 50% and accordingly faced a bearish trend in the recent year 2015 (Keyhanian and Rabbani 2015). Such fall in share price of the firm was due to several internal and external reasons during the years 2013, 2014 and 2015. One of the major reasons for a fall in the price of share was issues in following the accounting policies for recognition of financial information. During the year 2015, the firm recorded huge amount of revenue in work-in- policies that were not confirmed by the contracts to perform the activities . Further, the firm also experienced the poor trading results as well as issues in accounting records amounted to $80 million in the year 2013 and $90 million in the year 2014. Additionally, firm experience the bearish trend due to decline in the earnings of around $958 million during the half year in 2015. As there was constant decline in the revenue of the firm due to inappropriate recognizing of accounting information and lack in management accounting. The firm also failed to comply the requirements of the investors for decline in the dividend payment as well as paying the investors as per the expected rate of return (Mardini and Power 2015). Recognition of service revenue According to the IAS 18 on Revenue Recognition, revenue for any firm is termed as gross inflow from the business operating activities and other economic advantages. As per the principles of IAS 18 revenue from the operating activities are to be recognized at fair value. If there is an exchange of goods or service that are of similar nature, then the consideration received from such sale cannot be regarded as revenue. Additionally, the revenue by firms or organizations is to be recorded if the firm is sure about the inflow of future economic benefit from the sale of the products or services. Another condition that has to be satisfied is that the amount of consideration would be determined with reliability. Further, revenue from the sale of products or services would be eligible for recognition if the risk and reward from the sale has been transferred to the buyer along with the reliable measure of costs (Bohusova and Nerudova 2015). Considering the IFRS 15 on Revenue from Contracts with Customers the firm is required to recognize the consideration against the contracts entered with clients except the contracts on lease, consolidation accounting. According to the requirement of the standard consideration from the contract is to be recorded if the agreement creates rights and liabilities as enforceable between the parties. In order to record the revenue from the contract, it is significant to identify the obligation of performance as per the agreement, transaction price and the performance liability should be satisfied (Lim, Devi and Mahzan 2015). In the present case, Slater and Gordon recognized the revenue for the contract services that was not completed during the accounting year. It was observed that the firm did not receive the payment for the services as well as the performance obligation for the work was not satisfied. Yet the firm recognized the revenue for work-in-progress in the financial year 2014 with an amount $467 million while $826 million in the year 2015. In view of the standards of IAS 18 as well as IFRS 15, this amount should have been recognized either if the firm had received the consideration payment or if the contractor satisfied the performance obligation of contract service (Martin and Van Linden 2015). Compliance of accounting standard by the firm as per IFRS 15 According to the principles and regulations of IFRS 15 on revenue recognition from contracts with the consumers, consideration from all the contracts is to be recognized. However, certain contracts are excluded from the requirements of IFRS 15 that are contracts on leases, contracts on financial instruments, contracts from insurance business, consolidation contracts and joint agreement business. As per IFRS 15, revenue from the contract should be accounted by identifying the contract or agreement as well as the obligations of performance with the consumers (Salotti and Carvalho 2015). It is significant to determine the transaction price of the contract as well as the performance obligation during the recording of revenue from contracts. In case of Slater and Gordon, the revenue had been accounted for work in progress for the financial years 2013, 2014 and 2015. The firm accounted the amount of revenue not collected from the consumers nor did the company receive the satisfaction for t he performance obligation for the part of contract services. As per the accounting framework, recognition of financial information should be done by following the prudence level and accrual basis. Accounting standards require the recognition of revenue or consideration only when the amount is received against the trading of product or services. Since the firm recognized its revenue without realizing the same, it cannot be said that the Slater and Gordon followed the principles of IFRS 15 (Wagenhofer 2016). Analysis of recognized revenue Slater and Gordon is a law firm that recognize its revenue on the progressive work basis since it is engaged in the business of rendering law cases related to personal injury cases. However, as per the IFRS 15 and IAS 18 revenue on contracts is to be recorded if it has been received and the performance obligation has been satisfied. In case remuneration for contracted service received partly then the remuneration should be recognized in proportion to the percentage of work completed (Liu, Liang and Wang 2015). Besides, in the given case of law firm, it has been noted that the firm recognize its revenue from the cases on progressive basis. For certain cases the firm ensures the success of the cases and for some of the case it may not win the case yet it record the consideration for the all the cases that are work-in- process. During the financial year 2013, the firm recorded its revenue on basis of completed cases as well as for the cases that were under process. Out of the cases that were under process included the revenue for cases that the firm was not sure to win and as a result the firm would not receive the service charges. Considering the principles on accounting of revenue from contracts as per IAS 18 and IFRS 15, revenue recognition for incomplete services should not be recorded (Choi and Young 2015). During the accounting year 2014 also the firm recognized its revenue on the basis of work in progress. Its total revenue recorded in the year 2014 amounted to $37,538,814 included the consideration of cases whose success was not confirmed. Accordingly, the management of the firm was not supposed to recognize the revenue for those pending cases. On the other hand, revenue for the financial year 2015 had been recorded for all the contracts undertaken by the firm. The amount of revenue recorded included the revenue that was not collected by the firm as the cases were pending (Singleton-Green 2016). Apart from that, the revenues collected from the pending cases were related to the cases of financial year 2013 as well as of 2014. It has been observed that the firm did not follow the required accounting policies and standards on recognition of revenue related to the contracts with the consumers. One of the major reasons for decrease in Slater and Gordons revenue is the recognizing policy a s per the accounting standard IAS 18 and IFRS 15. In the year 2015, firm recognized the revenue for the cases related to the current year while amount collected for previous years were already recognized in those related years (Ingason 2015). Factors influence the choice of accounting policy Accounting of financial information is required to be done based on the relevant accounting policies and frameworks. Accounting frameworks states the accounting should be done on prudence basis, accrual basis and should present the reliable information to the users of accounting books. However, the principles on standards of accounting states the recognition criteria to record several elements of financial information that also gives choice to the companies and firms to adopt such criteria (Harriss and Atkinson 2015). In the given situation, Slater and Gordon selected the positive accounting theory to recognize its financial information. Positive accounting theory is a theory that explains the actual practice of accounting for the financial information for the efficient recognition of companys financial performance. Factors that influence that selection of accounting policy are the financial results should reveal the true and fair view of companys financial performance on earnings an d costs. Another factor that influences the choice of accounting policy is the tax benefits. Since the firm is required to pay taxes on income, it is important to correctly recognize the business related costs and incomes (Svensson, Wood and Callaghan 2015). In case of Slater and Gordon, the firm was recognizing its revenue from contracts on the progressive work for the cases on which the actual consideration had not been collected. Such recognition revealed the higher and unfair income of the firm because the amount was not received by them. Accordingly, Slater and Gordon adopted the accounting policy to record the revenue and other financial components by following the positive accounting theory. The firm adopted the policy on revenue recognition by following IFRS 15 because it reflects the revenue on the basis of satisfaction of the performance obligation as well as on receipt of the related amount (Aryee et al.2015). Reason for decrease in revenue for the financial year 2015 During the financial year 2015, the revenue of Slater and Gordon dropped in comparison to the accounting year 2013 and 2014. One of the major reasons for such fall is the criteria of revenue recognition as per the principles of IFRS 15, revenue recognition from contracts with consumers. During the previous years, the firm was recognizing the revenue for cases that were pending and there was no confirmation on receipts of revenue from such cases (Jaggi et al. 2016). Accordingly, the income of the firm reflected the inflated income in the years 2013 and 2014 for the amount that was actually not collected by the firm in the accounting year. However, in the accounting year 2015, the firm changed its accounting policy and adopted positive accounting theory to recognize its revenue by following the requirements of IFRS 15. According to this policy, the firm recognized its revenue from contracts based on the amounted actually collected and for the cases, that ensures the satisfaction of per formance obligation (Hopper and Bui 2016). Therefore, in the year 2015, the firm could not recognize the revenue for the pending cases and as a result, the recorded revenue in the accounting records dropped in comparison to the previous year. Moreover, the firm could not recognize the consideration received for pending cases that were received against the cases of 2013 because it had already been recorded in the same year. Hence, the revenue of Slater and Gordon in the financial 2015 declined with a high percentage from that of the year 2014 and 2015 (Ve erskien, Valan ien and Boguslauskas 2015). Principles and ethics in accounting practices Preparation and presentation of financial information should be done as per the fundamental principles and code of ethics of accounting. It is essential to follow the requisite principles of accounting by maintaining the ethical codes, which is regulated by APES 110. In order to recognize the financial information it is essential to follow the fundamental principles of integrity, objectivity, confidentiality, professional competence and appropriate use of accounting policies and standards. Further, APES 110 states the code of ethics for professional accountants for recognizing the business transactions to reflect the true and fair view of organizations financial performance. As per the APES 110, professional accountants are required to follow the integrity on recording the expenses and incomes. It is important for the accountants to be honest and required to avoid the biasness or undue influence for determining the performance of the business organizations (Flammer 2015). In the present case, Slater and Gordon prepared and presented its accounts for the year 2013 and 2014 by recognizing the revenue for pending cases the amount of which was not received by the firm. Such recognition of revenue reflects the breach of code of ethics and fundamental principles of accounting practices. On the contrary, it was found that the accounting balance of the firm for the year 2013, 2014 and 2015 reflected disputed balance amounted $80 million, $90 million during the financial year 2013 and 2014 respectively. It was due to the breach of accounting principles with respect to the integrity, objectivity and professional competence for disclosure of revenues not received by the firm (Dobrzykowski, McFadden and Vonderembse 2016). Conclusion It can be concluded from the case of Slater and Gordon that recording of financial transactions should reflect the true and fair view of the performance of the business activities. Expenses and revenues of the organizations are the most significant financial element that discloses the financial result for the accounting year. In the case of Slater and Gordon firm faced the issue on recognizing the revenue from contracts with customers during the financial year 2013 and 2014. However, the firm maintained the expectations of capital market through earnings from shares, expected return to the investors on capital employed and by maintain the cost on capital structure. Besides, the firm experienced the fall in its share price by almost 50% during the year 2015 because its revenue dropped at a high percentage in comparison to the year 2013 and 2014. For the purpose of recognizing its revenue from contracts the firm did not follow the principles of IAS 18 as well as IFRS 15 as a result it reflected the inflated income. Moreover, in the accounting year 2015 the firm adopted the positive accounting theory and followed the regulations of IFRS 15 to recognize the revenue. As a result, the income of Slater and Gordon dropped in the year 2015 and revealed the breach in following the fundamental principles of accounting and code of ethics for the years 2013 and 2014. As the firm experienced several issues with respect to the revenue recognition in the accounting years 2013 and 2014 for the amount that was not collected by them, it opted the positive accounting theory during the year 2015. The company adopted the accounting practice by following IFRS 15 for recognizing the revenue from contracts that were completed and actually received that eventually reflected a decline in the firms income. Reference List Akbas, F., Armstrong, W.J., Sorescu, S. and Subrahmanyam, A., 2015. Smart money, dumb money, and capital market anomalies.Journal of Financial Economics,118(2), pp.355-382. Aryee, S., Walumbwa, F.O., Mondejar, R. and Chu, C.W., 2015. Accounting for the influence of overall justice on job performance: Integrating self determination and social exchange theories.Journal of Management Studies,52(2), pp.231-252. Badertscher, B.A., Katz, S.P., Rego, S.O. and Wilson, R.J., 2016. Conforming tax avoidance and capital market pressure.Kelley School of Business Research Paper, (15-48), pp.15-63. Bohusova, H. and Nerudova, D., 2015. US GAAP and IFRS convergence in the area of revenue recognition.Economics and Management, (14), pp.12-19. Choi, Y.S. and Young, S., 2015. Transitory earnings components and the two faces of non generally accepted accounting principles earnings.Accounting Finance,55(1), pp.75-103. Dobrzykowski, D.D., McFadden, K.L. and Vonderembse, M.A., 2016. Examining pathways to safety and financial performance in hospitals: A study of lean in professional service operations.Journal of Operations Management,42, pp.39-51. Eichengreen, B. and Gupta, P., 2015. 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Keyhanian, S. and Rabbani, M., 2015. Revenue and turnover based joint pricing and production planning for an integrated financial leasesales system: a new mathematical model.International Journal of Operational Research,22(3), pp.310-341. Lim, Y., Devi, S.S. and Mahzan, N., 2015. Perception of Auditors and Preparers on IFRS 15: Evidence from Malaysia.Advanced Science Letters,21(6), pp.1781-1785. Liu, L.C., Liang, Q.M. and Wang, Q., 2015. Accounting for China's regional carbon emissions in 2002 and 2007: production-based versus consumption-based principles.Journal of Cleaner Production,103, pp.384-392. Mardini, G.H. and Power, D.M., 2015. Determinants of revenue recognition disclosures: the case of Jordanian industrial listed companies.Middle East Journal of Management,2(2), pp.178-194. Martin, R. and Van Linden, C., 2015. Big Dreams and Little Money for Speech Recognition: Revenue Generation by Outsourcing Research and Development.Journal of the International Academy for Case Studies,21(6), p.309. Salotti, B.M. and Carvalho, L.N., 2015. Convergence of Accounting Standards towards IFRS in Brazil.Standardization of Financial Reporting and Accounting in Latin American Countries, p.79. Singleton-Green, B., 2016. Discussion of articulating accounting principles: Classical accounting theory as the pursuit of explanation by embodiment.Journal of Applied Accounting Research,17(2), pp.136-138. Spotts, H.E., Weinberger, M.G. and Weinberger, M.F., 2015. How Publicity and Advertising Spending Affect Marketing and Company Performance.Journal of Advertising Research,55(4), pp.416-432. Svensson, G., Wood, G. and Callaghan, M., 2015. Codes of Ethics in Swedens Largest Marketing Corporations: Communicating the Ethos of the Code Within the Organisation. InAssessing the Different Roles of Marketing Theory and Practice in the Jaws of Economic Uncertainty(pp. 338-342). Springer International Publishing. Ve erskien, G., Valan ien, L. and Boguslauskas, V., 2015. Training Accounting Specialists at Kaunas University of Technology Economics and Management Faculty: Past, Present and Perspectives.Engineering Economics,59(4). Virtanen, T., Parvinen, P. and Rollins, M., 2015. Complexity of sales situation and sales lead performance: An empirical study in business-to-business company.Industrial Marketing Management,45, pp.49-58. Wagenhofer, A., 2016. Exploiting regulatory changes for research in management accounting.Management Accounting Research,31, pp.112-117.

APA Referencing †How to Cite a YouTube Video

APA Referencing – How to Cite a YouTube Video APA Referencing – How to Cite a YouTube Video Not that long ago, the idea of citing a YouTube video in an academic paper would have sent some old-fashioned college professors into fits of outrage about how young people don’t understand what proper research is all about (i.e., dusty old books). WHATS A YOUTUBE? I DONT LIKE CHANGE! These days, however, there’s no denying that YouTube and other online videos can be crucial academic sources in many subject areas. As such, knowing how to cite an online video source is increasingly useful. Herein, we look at how to do this with APA referencing. Citing a YouTube Video Citing an online video involves giving the uploader’s name and the year that the video was uploaded in parentheses. For instance, a video uploaded in 2016 by the cultural critic Anita Sarkeesian to her Feminist Frequency YouTube channel would be cited as follows: The trope of the sinister seductress is pervasive in video games (Sarkeesian, 2016). Here, we cite the â€Å"author† of the video because it’s hosted on her own channel. If you’re quoting part of a video directly, the citation should also include a time stamp: In the video, Nicky Clayton and Clive Wilkins discuss the â€Å"capacity to convey and understand ideas non-verbally† (TEDx Talks, 2013, 3:37). You’ll notice here that, despite the talk being by Nicky Clayton and Clive Wilkins, â€Å"TEDx Talks† is the name given in the citation. This is because the â€Å"TEDx Talks† channel hosts videos by numerous speakers, so Clayton and Wilkins are not the uploaders. Reference List As with other sources, full publication information should be included in the reference list for any online videos you cite in your work. For a YouTube video, this involves providing the following: Surname, Initials. [Screen name]. (year, month day). Title of video [Video file]. Retrieved from URL.com You’ll notice that this includes both a name and a screen name. This helps readers find the video when the uploader’s real name is different to their username. In the case of the Anita Sarkeesian video cited above, for example, you’d need to provide both: Sarkeesian, A. [Feminist Frequency]. (2016, September 28). Sinister seductress tropes vs women in video games [Video file].   Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1oXzWzMqarU If a channel doesn’t provide the uploader’s real name, only the screen name is required: TEDx Talks. (2013, August 19). Conversation without words: Nicky Clayton Clive Wilkins at TEDxOxbridge [Video file].   Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-iavquY2OFo It’s important to remember that the name you should cite in the main text of your work is the same one used to list the source alphabetically in the reference list.

International Hotel Brand Management Strategies

International Hotel Brand Management Strategies Introduction Today, hotels are focusing on consistency and quality while offering the right price to the guests. This means that guest satisfaction and branding are the right tools to use since the products and services offered are unseen. Branding is used to promote quality by offering guests information that they require while enticing them to use the products and services.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International Hotel Brand Management Strategies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It can be a valuable strategy for gaining a competitive advantage over the rest of the competitors. Hotels can maximize this strategy by offering a variety of brands for the same product while targeting different markets. The brand value is determined by the level of awareness that customers have concerning a certain brand. This means that the quality of the products and services offered by a hotel is determined by the customerâ€℠¢s perception and the satisfaction obtained from the information provided. In hospitality, when customers are satisfied, they purchase more, become less price conscious, and attract more customers by informing their close friends. When this happens, a hotel gains a lot of customers and the revenue increases (O’Neill, 2004). This article will discuss on the various ways through which a hotel can gain a competitive advantage through branding. It will also provide insights for managers to apply in branding and customer satisfaction. Hotel Brand Management in Relation Customer Satisfaction The hotel industry has focused its attention on customer satisfaction, and this has been used to measure the operational success. It has also been used to measure whether the branding strategies used are effective in increasing productivity. Therefore, branding affects customer satisfaction directly and is used to increase the market share. When assessed from a corporate strategy’s point of view, brands that are well managed reflect an increase in market share. However, the results from service quality research indicate mixed results. This means that service quality can only be achieved when guests have an opportunity to experience a hotel’s service while branding is open to a wider market. It reaches potential customers whose perception can only be obtained from the information that they get (Yap, 2006).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This prompts hotel managers to concentrate on market awareness and build their brands. This is because customers are attracted by what they are told and not the experience. Some of the most established brands, which are well known in the market, always receive positive feedback from the guests. This is because customers already have a mindset that the products and services offered are excellent. Thus, a hote l can create customer confidence by focusing on extensive marketing to provide awareness in various markets. Newly established hotels have opted to franchise so as to market their products and services using the well known brands in the market. Managers should focus on protecting their brands because this is what defines the quality of the products and services offered (Mattila ONeill, 2010). A high market share illustrates enhanced quality. This serves to escalate demand in the future. This explains why the market leaders use market share as the selling point to attract customers. They use messages such as â€Å"we are the leading hotel chain in the world†. Customers perceive such a message to mean that all the other people go to that chain of hotel, and they have to go for the best by consuming its products and services. Perceived quality is linked to market share and the two concepts work together in increasing revenue. This implies that when guests visit the hotel for th e first time, and they are satisfied, the occupancy rates will go high in the next visit. This is because such customers influence others. The guests attracted by others through the word of mouth are more than those who are influenced by the services offered. Therefore, product awareness is a strategy that gives a hotel competitive advantage and should be applied in any opportunity that the management gets (Krishnan, 1996). For instance, when guests visit the hotel, they should be satisfied by delivering what is promised to encourage them to come back with others. Advertising is also a tool that can be used to create product knowledge. However, this should be diversified to ensure that every targeted market is presented with adverts that best fit them. This will impress the customers especially travelers who love a certain product. Accessing their most preferred product in a foreign country serves to attract customers, and make them remain loyal to a certain brand of hotel.Advertisi ng We will write a custom essay sample on International Hotel Brand Management Strategies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Franchise in brand development Competitive advantage is also gained through branding by managing franchisees. Some hotels believe that their customers are not the guests who reside in their hotels but the franchisee. These are the primary customers who are monitored and managed to ensure that they do not taint the image of that brand. They work at ensuring that the franchisees meet and exceed the customer expectations. This is because customers come into the hotel with a perception about the products and services they are likely to get. This is based on the experience gained in a different hotel or the same hotel chain. Management ensures that standards used while serving customers are maintained and uniform in all the franchisees. This is meant to help maintain the customer perception. When guests experience qua lity services while at different destinations, their loyalty to a given brand is maintained. Also, they are likely to influence others to use the same brands. Thus, a happy customer comes with others and doubles the service provider’s revenues (O’Neill, 2004). Experienced hotel customers have confirmed the issue of market share and branding through a research that was carried out on frequent guests. Frequent quests always influence relatives, friends, and colleagues to visit their brands and experience the same products and services. This creates a chain that involves a wide network of individuals who get to know of the hotel brand through reference (Fung, 2010). Building Customer loyalty For a hotel to differentiate itself from the competitors, it has to grow its brand and make known of its outstanding services to the markets that it serves. This can only be achieved by conserving the market base that the hotel already has while seeking to expand into other markets (P attni, 2006). This ensures that, while the hotel diversifies to create new markets, the existing customers also serve to create awareness. The hotel is expected to offer more than what the customer expects every time they visit the establishment to maintain the existing markets. This will always encourage the customer to share the new discoveries with others. Unlike a situation where a customer gets a similar experience to the last one, the customer is encouraged to visit and discover the new addition in the former experience. This is what makes frequent customers cease factoring the price aspect but concentrate on the hospitality experience that is likely to be offered next time.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The customers should be alerted on the new developments that they should expect to ensure that they are excited to revisit the hotel in the future. The issue of branding promotes this aspect because customers will feel like the hotel is providing all information that they yearn to learn about the hotel. Keeping the customer informed creates a brand loyalty and serves to increase the market share (Petzer, Steyn Mostert, 2008). There is an intense competition from international hotels that are offering low priced products and services to attract consumers. Therefore, there is a need to gain a competitive advantage that will make customers overlook the low prices and go for the perceived quality. When consumers pay higher prices from companies with an established brand name, they buy the positions of the minds of potential customers. Potential customers will be attracted by the preference shown by others and not the prices offered. They perceive the willingness to pay higher services as the quality attached to a given hotel brand (Keller, 1998). Therefore, awareness creates a reputation that is maintained by maintaining a favorable image and good guest relations. Building a brand is a gradual process that requires accuracy because a slight setback may bring the whole organization down. What the customers perceive as the best aspect of any given brand is what the management should focus on while improving to maintain and attract more guests. This can only be achieved by ensuring that consumers remember the brand they used last. A well known brand can remain in a customer’s memory for a long time as compared to a less common one. Awareness serves as a reminder to the customer that a brand exists. Also, this may attract them to discover the changes that may have occurred over time. Thus, customers should be aware of the expected changes for them to develop a perceived value through brand development (Kapferer, 2012). Business to Business Branding Business to business branding is a growing concept that helps in creating long lasting business relations. Given the nature of the hotel business, at times the hotel may be full; and this requires excess bookings to be transferred to another hotel that is likely to offer similar services (Jones, 2001). This is an extremely crucial area that managers can use to sell their products. The choice of the hotel with which to share business must be made exceptionally carefully. A frequent customer may have a perceived value that is purely based on the brand knowledge, and not the services offered. If such a customer is referred to another hotel, the customer assumes that the other hotel is at the same level as the preferred brand. If the guest does not experience the same service as expected, then the perceived values decrease based on the assumption that the two establishments are at par. Therefore, when demand is excess, the choice of a brand that is recommended to customers should be made carefully to ensure that the other hotel maintains the perceived value or even improves it. Subcontracting is a sensitive aspect that determines how the customer evaluates a brand. A poor service from a subcontractor may taint the hotel’s image and change the perceived value (Glynn Woodside, 2009; Sigala Jones, 2001). Brand Expression Brand expression is linked to the business strategies in use. Brand managers usually overlook the influences on the brand as it gets its way to the consumers. It is necessary to have a clear understanding of the brand so as to determine the responses that it may receive from the market. Managers should view all the elements of expressing the brand and determine the one to use and emphasize while manifesting the brand to the consumers (Cai Hobson, 2004). For instance, factors that influence the demand of a brand include a service such as the quality of the accommodation or even the food offered. For a manager to choose the brands’ selling point, there is a need to analyze the business strategies. This will ensure that the selling point delivers what the company promises to the consumers. Brand manifestations do not comprise merely of the advertising. However, this includes the experience that consumers get while using the brand (Mattila, 2004). Therefore, before providing any enticing information to consumers, the hotel must be the position to meet and even exceed the consumer expectations. Delivering a promise puts a hotel ahead of the competitors satisfies customers and translates to more business in the future (Gelder, 2005). Conclusion Branding has become a marketing strategy that hotels use to increase their market share and remain a head of their competitors. Using the brand as a competitive advantage is influenced by the level of customer satisfaction and the perceived value created. Therefore, the task is to ensure that the information provided to consumers is enticing to customers. Also, the information should mat ch the experience that customers get when they purchase products and services. Business to business strategy also helps in building the perceived value. Therefore, subcontracting must be made exceedingly carefully. Another issue is delivering what is promised to the customer. This promotes the chances of the customer coming back with others. If the first experience is unpleasant, the probability of coming back is low. Thus, quality is essential in the gradual development of market share. Brand expression and accurate product delivery are excellent strategies for obtaining and maintaining a competitive advantage over the rest of the competitors. References Cai, L.A. Hobson, J.S.P. (2004). Making hotel brands work in a competitive environment. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 10(3): 197-208. Fung, K.K. (2010). When experience matters: building and measuring hotel brand equity: The customers perspective. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 22(5): 589-608. Gelde r, S.V. (2005). Global brand strategy: Unlocking brand potential across countries, cultures markets. London [u.a.]: Kogan Page. Glynn, M.S. Woodside, A.G. (2009). Business-to-business brand management: Theory, research and executive case study exercises. Bingley [u.a.: Emerald. Jones, P. (2001). Strategic implementation and IT: gaining competitive advantage from the hotel reservations process. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 13(7): 364-371. Kapferer, J.-N. (2012). The new strategic brand management: Advanced insights and strategic thinking. London: Kogan Page. Keller, K.L. (1998). Strategic brand management: Building, measuring and managing brand equity. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall. Krishnan, H.S. (1996). Characteristics of Memory Associations: A Consumer Based Brand Equity Perspective. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 13: 389-405. Mattila, A.S. (2004). Hotel Branding Strategy: Its Relationship To Guest Satisfaction And Room Revenue. Journal of Hospitality Tourism Research, 20(10): 1-10. Mattila, A.S. ONeill, J.W. (2010). Hotel Brand Strategy. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 51(1): 27-34. Pattni, D.J. (2006). Strategic Sourcing for a Competitive Advantage in the Hotel Industry. Retrieved from: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=httpsredir=1article=1630context=thesesdissertations Petzer, D.J. Steyn, T.F. Mostert, P.G. (2008). Competitive marketing strategies of selected hotels: an exploratory study. Southern African Business Review. 12(2): 1-22. Sigala, M. Jones, P. (2001). Strategic Implementation and IT: Gaining Competitive Advantage from the Hotel Reservations Process. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management. 17 (3): 364-371. Yap, T.S.C. (2006). Corporate Branding: Its Role in Sustainable Competitive  advantage. Web.

Violence in Community Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Violence in Community - Essay Example The third need wold be the need for love and belongingness, followed by that of self-esteem and ego (Simmons, Irwin, & Drinnien, 1987). Last in this hierarchy described by Maslow would be self-actualization, which is only achieved after all the previous needs have been met. The need for security and safety hence comes around when the physiological needs are met to a certain degree. At this point, Maslow describes man as a safety-seeking mechanism, whose outlook in life and the world, both for the present and the future, is greatly influenced by this prominent need (Maslow, 1943, p.375). Given that the physiological needs have been met, the need for safety and security of a person in his own community is vital for an individual to then fulfill his love and belonging needs. Thus, when there is violence in a community, and a person is not confident of his own safety, then the actualization of the higher needs is hindered. Violence in a community especially that among youths can be lessened by implementing community health interventions that aims to reduce the prevalence of its causes such as alcoholism, drug addiction, the availability of guns, poverty, lack of proper education, and the list goes on. If these interventions are successful in their goals, an individual can then focus on achieving needs of love and belonging, as other needs tend to become non-existent as long as a prevailing need is not met (Maslow, 1943). Violence in the Community Violence has been prevalent since probably the beginning of time and has presented a big part in the history of the world. Every year, more than a million people die violence-related deaths, and a lot more endure physical, emotional, sexual, and psychological injuries from self-inflicted, interpersonal, and collective violence (Krug et al., 2002). Violence is "the intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, that either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, maldevelopment, or deprivation" as defined by the World Health Organization (Krug et al., 2002). The term intentional suggests that a person committing the act of violence is knowingly carries out this act and is conscious of the results of the act. There are many forms of violence. The World Health Organization has subdivided violence into three typologies: self-directed violence, interpersonal violence, and collective violence (Krug et al., 2002). However, for the purpose of this paper, focus will be given to the typology of interpersonal violence, which is defined by WHO as "violence between individuals, that is subdivided into family and intimate partner violence and community violence. The former category includes child maltreatment; intimate partner violence; and elder abuse, while the latter is broken down into acquaintance and stranger violence and includes youth violence; assault by strangers; violence related to property crimes; and violence in workplaces and other institutions." (Krug et al., 2002) Although the crime rate in America has already decreased over the past decades, the rates remain significantly high (Berman, Silverman, & Kurtines, 2000). In a study conducted by Berman, Silverman, and Kurtines, it has been revealed that in the children between first and second grade have already either been victims of violence (21%) or have been

Chapter 12 question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Chapter 12 question - Essay Example al include sources from accrued profits which are retained and reinvested in the business and lastly spontaneous financing which increase as the business’s sales increase. In a nutshell the total sources of financing are equal to the total asset requirements. The formula AFN = (Ao*/So)(∆S) -(Lo*/So)(∆S) - MS1(1 - POR) means Additional Funds Needed equals required increase in assets less spontaneous increase in liabilities and increase in retained earnings. The assumptions when using the additional funds needed equation include the assumption that the business was operating at a full capacity in the year, the assets to sales ratios remain the same, spontaneous to sales ratios remains the same and the profit margin is unchanged. The assumptions may sometimes not be true because a business may make large amounts of earnings in profits or dividends but still lack the cash to invest; profit and cash are not the same. In addition the calculation of profit in this case is only considering the fixed operating costs and not the variable operating expenses which change proportionally with the sales. This is the maximum rate of growth a firm can achieve without accessing external capital. It is influenced by business’s capital intensity ratio; in this case the more assets a firm needs to achieve high sales level, the lower the rate of its sustainable growth. Self supporting growth rate is related to AFN formulae because the higher the AFN the higher the lower the self supporting growth rate. It will result in the zero (0) when used in the AFN equation. = $200,000 the additional funds needed for the coming years is two hundred thousand dollars. The AFN is different from the previous questions because the company has high internal source of funds unshared resulting in high level of retained earnings hence reducing the amount of AFN. Assets/Sales (A*/S) = $1,200,000/$2,500,000 = 48%. While L*/Sales = $375,000/$2,500,000 = 15%, therefore, AFN = (A*/S) (∆S) -

Doing business in India Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Doing business in India - Research Paper Example This view is changing rapidly due to the countries’ potential future. It is deemed that in the near future India will have the world’s largest market for goods, services, and development of infrastructure (Padmanand & Jain, 2000). India’s fast economic growth is due to its ready domestic market in the agricultural and service industry and its appealing demographic trend. The Indian government is also taking measures open up the country to foreign investment (Manian, 2007). The Indian Market The major barrier in penetrating the Indian economic barrier is cultural disparity. The chances of success are improved by understanding the influence of Hinduism and the Indians cultural norms. It is fundamental that investors study some of the cultural facts because such facts influence business in India. India’s official language is Hindu though the international language for commerce is English. Investors also need to understand that India is a hierarchical country (Bose, 2009). The legacy of the caste system influences attitudes towards business. The boss has the final word and cannot be questioned whether his instructions are correct or not. He cannot also been seen doing menial jobs such as making his own coffee or arranging chairs in a boardroom. His instructions are followed to the latter and micro- management works. This approach makes it necessary for potential investors to liaise with individuals with a final say over decision-making. Investors should not overlook the importance of etiquette in India. Using a Namaste handshake is a sign that one understands the Indian culture. During the first meeting, business cards are exchanged. It is advisable to have it translated to Hindi. Enhancing relationships is imperative because negotiations can be slow if trust is not established. Understanding cross-cultural divergences is a bonus in doing business in India (Business standard India 2010). The business law in India offers employees several protections. Foreign employees are required to present visas and Amaritt for such protection (Millar, 2006). Attorneys in India are allowed to practice across the states and most of the legal regulations are consistent across states. Most court cases drag for decades (Makar, 2008). Additionally, arbitration is preferred in solving disputes. The judicial system in India is poorly institutionalized and highly corrupt. Judicial procedures are expensive and influenced by politics. There is a high deficient in protection of property rights. The cost of licensing is very expensive and starting a business can take up to one month. The main source of employment in India is the unskilled informal sector, which is inefficient. The government controls pricing of commodities and this has seen the weakening of the rupee. Foreign participation in India’s economy is impeded by the dominance of the government in the financial sector. The government has also stripped down the citizensâ€℠¢ right in purchasing from low cost multinational stores. Excessive regulation by the Indian government has impeded economic growth (Manian, 2007). India’s economy after independence was the â€Å"socialist mixed model† the government controlled both the private and public sectors output, prices and licensing (Schmidt, 1991). Suppliers are unable to benefit from monopolies as tariffs for electricity consumption are fixed. The BIS: Bureau of Indian Standards set quality standards for products for consumer protection. In 1895,

Reviewing The Psychological Effects Of Teenage Pregnancy Psychology Essay

Reviewing The Psychological Effects Of Teenage Pregnancy Psychology Essay On my journey to find a piece of art for my term paper, I was excited because this was the first time I had gone to the Museum of Modern Art (MOMA) and I felt it was going to be a experience to last a lifetime. I wanted to pick a painting that was attractive but rather in depth. As I walked through MOMA, I had seen several paintings that I can choose but I decided to check one more floor and came across, Girl before a Mirror illustrated by Pablo Picasso (1932). This piece of art was rather fascinating and interesting due to the image of a young pregnant woman possibly viewing herself from past to future. After this, many ideas came to mind, such as the problem we have with teenage pregnancy and how pregnancy can affect a sense of identity, self-esteem, social relationship and education To me, Girl before a Mirror painted in the year 1932, shows a young pregnant girl confronting herself in a mirror. As the girl looks in the mirror one can see both her as a young pregnant girl and as a mature woman who will be soon transforming into a mother. This clearly symbolizes moments of sacrificing the image of one self, which may cause a significant loss of a sense of identity. On the left side of the mirror, there is a reflection of a young girl who is confused and worried. Her face is youthful looking, eyes round and narrow, and her pregnant body is developing rapidly. On the right side of the mirror, one can see a supernatural x-ray of the girls soul, her future, and her fate. Her face appears darkened, eyes round and hollow, and her pregnant body is twisted, as she looks older and more anxious. Pablo Picasso was born in Marlage, in the Southern Spain, on October 25, 1881.Was Pablo Picasso a famous painter? Yes, A naturally gifted draftsman, Born into an artistic family it is said that Pablo could draw before he could talk. (Mason, P.5) Picasso father was a painter and art teacher who taught and encouraged him. Picasso an attractive and unpredictable artist mastered realist early in his life, then moved to classical paintings and on to abstract painting. Impressionism was a name given to a group of artist including Picasso as he tried to evoke a scene by using quick brushstrokes. This was the breaking up of colors into bright dots. In fact, Picasso interest only included what the emotions of a painting would convey. Even though, he died on April 8, 1973, Picasso was one of few artists to be appreciated and celebrated during his lifetime. Girl before a Mirror, a masterpiece of color and design indicated Picasso was also capable of succeeding Surrealist. Surrealist included work that was inspired by dreams and imagination. The interest was realm of fantasy rather than reality. Picasso posed a golden-haired young woman, which is a portrait of his new love, the twenty-year-old Marie- Therese. She considers her reflection, a dark distorted and altogether sinister. The Byzantine richness of the patterned background and the continuous moving lines of the ovoid shapes reinforced a modern revival of the ancient; however, the exact meaning of the painting remains enigmatic. (Jacobus Wheler, P.300) Using this as my inspiration, I decided to examine the factors involved in teenage pregnancy, especially some of the psychological factors implicated in becoming pregnant at an early age. Furthermore, I will attempt to identify issues related to self-esteem, identity, and self-worth among young mothers and how these factors play a r ole in their psychological adjustments to motherhood. Teenage pregnancy is very common all over the world but, the United States have the highest pregnancy and births among adolescents. (Coley Lansdale, 1998, P.153) Teenagers who reside in communities with higher rates of poverty and raised in poverty by single parents are more prone to teenage parenthood. There are also large differences among teenagers of different racial and ethnic groups. According to literature review done by Coley and Lansdale, (1998), studies show that white teens have lower rates of teenage births than Hispanics and African Americans (P.152). As more African Americans become more upwardly mobile, the rates of teenage pregnancy appear to decline. For example, in the last two decades, the rates of teenage pregnancy among African Americans have decreased, while the rates among Latino populations have increased. Pregnancy is a major life transition requiring changes, challenges, and adaptation of many kinds. According to researchers, parenthood continuous demands and responsibilities leaves little or no time for most teen concern; such as, peer relations, dating, academics and career choices. (Coley Lansdale, 1998, P.155) F or instance, the image of the young girl in Girl before a Mirror expresses the psychological effect of teenage pregnancy, which is the loss of identity resulting in the consequences of developing low self-esteem. Sense of Identity Identity refers to the sense of ones self or a unique character over a period of time. A strong sense of self is dependent on early relationships, gender differences and support that allow adolescents to develop their own unique identity. The teenage years can be full of turmoil and changes that can have a detrimental affect on girls. According to the literature review done by Coley Lansdale, (1998) studies show that teenagers faced with setting and determining their sense of identity on their own while learning independence from their parents(P.155). This simply indicates that while learning to cope with changes, they must also be concerned with self-image. At this stage many teenagers try to find out: (1) who they are; (2) what they are about, their interest and personalities; and (3) where they are going, in order to discover their place in life. Negative thoughts about ones body can interfere with the development of other attributes. As one look at the young girl portrayed in th e painting, one can notice her pregnant body appearing twisted, perhaps reflecting some elements of her identity being threatened. The dramatic physical changes that happen during teenage pregnancy- such as, weight gain, breast enlargement and swollen of the body, generally makes a pregnant teen feel anything but, at home in ones body. Body image is a prime concern during adolescent years and is only part of a persons identity. In most cases the lack of physical attractiveness affects social relationships and the way one perceive oneself innermost , ones sincerity, intelligence and personality. Adolescents are also confronted with career choices, romantic entanglements and responsibilities that are new experiences in which they make decisions or adjustments to attain their own identity or success. Meanwhile, they are entering a new phase of role requirements creating a turning point of new directions for changes and adaptations; such as the plan to have a baby, pregnancy, childbirth , and care for the baby. According to researchers, earlier findings show that parenting is one of the womans key development tasks and considered to be an important part of an individual current and expected future identities. (Aro, Nurmi, Halmesmaki, 2000 P.180) In other words, because humans are essentially social beings, we are most concerned about how we fit in and measure up. Self- Esteem Low self-esteem among young mothers lead to many problems while they suffer from lack of confidence and hopelessness. Self- esteem refers to self-worth, self-respect, and how one regards or feels about one self. Simply, its ones feeling about various convictions of one self as a capable, competent person who have worth. A feeling of worth means having self-respect, which comes as a result of living up to ones own standard of values. Its how much one value oneself, how important one thinks he or she is, how one see one self and how one feel about ones accomplishments. The symptoms of low self -esteem vary for every teen. Some teens may feel constant tiredness, melancholy, sleep problems and lack of concentration. These symptoms if not noticed can lead to acute depression or various emotional and physical disorders. In fact, most teenage girls who are pregnant find it hard to face reality; that they are worthy and an important person who deserves to feel good every day in their lives a nd one of the factors which maybe keeping them from enjoying the gift of becoming a mother is their self-confidence and self-respect. Social Relationship During adolescents, relationships are very important and they need to be provided with supportive roles. According to researchers, partners may also be at risk for interpersonal problems while experiencing psychological problems connected to adolescent pregnancy. (Moore and Florsheim, 2001, P.101) This emphasizes that expectant adolescent may experience inter-personal difficulties between motherhood and their partners. The interpersonal and social functioning is important simply because parenting is fundamentally a social process. The emotional adjustment to losing a chapter in life can be difficult to make. Among young mothers who desperately want to be a mom will have to adapt to the change in their social relationship. Most parents would have to give up going to parties and dreaming about their futures. Indeed, once these opportunities are missed, they maybe gone for good. This includes having no free time to see friends. It is important to study expectant adolescent couples preci sely because their relationships appear to be at high risk for dysfunction and dissolution which indicates that many teenage mothers and their partners break right up before or shortly after giving birth. (Moore Florsheim, 2001, P.102) One of the reasons for this maybe young mothers are faced with the loss of social relationship while missing out on childhood and arduous and engaging in tedious unpleasant responsibilities of parenthood. Motherhood put tremendous demand upon the time, energy, emotions, and demands on teens, for which they are not prepared. Surely, early parent hood is a response to limited social interactions and relationships, in those who choose to have children at a relatively young age. To sum up, young adolescents continue to exhibit deficits in social relationship disturbances. Education Career Choice Early parenthood also has an effect on adolescents education. The young mothers are forced to discontinue education after birth. This significantly decreases the individual chances for obtaining a general equivalency diploma (GED). According to researchers, studies have shown that if teenage mothers stay in school, they are almost likely to graduate from high school (73%) as their non-parent peers (77%). (Coley Lansdale, P.155, 1998) However, a GED may result in a lower return of future earnings than future earnings with a high-school diploma. The young mothers who lack education are limited to a handful of career choices since jobs require at least a high-school diploma or some college experience. On the other hand, dropping out of high- school is a strong risk factor for early pregnancy and few will return back to school and possibly graduating. This problem causes a concern to the mother as well as the developing baby because of limitations of education and limitations of income. The consequences of education attainment direct a major concern of poverty. Those families with childhood poverty are likely to receive welfare funding during their life course. Overall, 53% of welfare funding is spent on families formed by teenage birth (Coley Lansdale, 1998, P.153). This brings us back to the young girl who is who is more likely to face education attainment and poverty as a result of pregnancy. According to researchers, the perceived cost of early motherhood is from life experiences linked to poverty including isolation of school, unemployment and unmarried parenthood and lack of education and career opportunities. (Coley Lansdale, 1998, P.153) Conclusion Teenage pregnancy is a problem that continuously occurs in the United States and other countries, despite the pregnancy reduction programs that are available. In fact, among the teenagers who become parents; also, lack knowledge of the consequences that may occur from their irresponsible sexual behavior. However, Pablo Picasso; painting Girl before a Mirror (1932) was very inspiring for me to learn more about the social, psychological, and economic factors involved in getting pregnant. Economics play an important role in teenage pregnancy and is a major concern. Mainly poor income and education leave an individual at risk of remaining in poverty. The social factors that contribute include social relationships as well as peer relationships that may be dysfunctional with the chance of ending before and after birth. In the meanwhile, studies clearly suggest that pregnancy fully requires a psychological adaptation on the physical and mental health which appears to influence the health of the developing baby. On the other hand, it is not only one factor that is responsible for the reason why many teenagers are pregnant and becoming pregnant. I believe that more research should be dedicated to what can be used to stop teenage pregnancy and information about some programs that have been tried out and examined for its effectiveness. There is also a need to encourage the use of contraceptions so that many teenagers wont contract H.I.V, A.I.D.S, and sexual transmitted diseases.

Postmodernist vs. Modernist vs. Personal position on Faith :: essays research papers

Topic 1: Postmodernist vs. Modernist vs. Personal position on Faith Topic 2: What did you learn in this class? Written By: Angela Gonzalez Topic 1: Postmodernist vs. Modernist Position on Science and Religion We have all at one time or another asked ourselves the question â€Å"Should I believe this?† Doubt is simply another part of the human experience. When we doubt our faith, however, it can be more crucial than many other doubts we have, because of the believed consequences that come along with it. Where there is doubt people begin to look for ways to rationalize whether what they believe is more right than what someone else believes. Science and religion, two means in which knowledge is obtained from the world, are used by post modernist and modernist to justify faith or lack there of. In this paper I will discuss the contradicting views postmodernist and modernist have on the separation and overlap of scientific knowledge and religious knowledge. Whether you believe one view over the other boils down to personal choice and acceptance of the idea based on ones experiences, therefore I will also discuss my opinion on the connectivity among faith, rationality, objective truth an d ways of gaining and testing the truth of knowledge for both science and religion. Let’s begin by discussing the Enlightenment thought of modernist’s that only that which can be scientifically measured and quantified and reasoned through logically is true knowledge. We can have true knowledge about time in space, fitness, age or the power of your punch, but what, about things that can not be scientifically measured such as beauty, morals, and other matters of the spirit. It does not seem right to say that we can not obtain true knowledge of such things so we have inherited the modernist belief that such things are matters of opinion. In other words, they are subjective matters having only to do with the individual’s experiences and preferences. This modernist scientific mindset is devastating for religious beliefs. Though some religious beliefs can be empirically tested there are others, such as the nature of God and justification by faith which cannot be weighed or measured. These central elements of religious knowledge can therefore be said to be matters of personal opinion, or worse figments of imagination. This contradicting relationship between the scientific and religious approach of knowledge can have a tragic effect on a believer of faith because it is very easy for the individual to get caught up in providing for themselves the kind of impossible logical certainty for their beliefs a nonbeliever might demand.